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NEW QUESTION # 75
What is one of the ethical principles that guide the code of ethics for cybersecurity professionals?
- A. Anonymity
- B. Confidentiality
- C. Discrimination
- D. Impersonation
Answer: B
Explanation:
Confidentiality is one of the key ethical principles for cybersecurity professionals. It requires professionals to respect the privacy of individuals and organizations by keeping sensitive information secure and not disclosing it without proper authorization. This helps build trust and ensures the protection of confidential data.
NEW QUESTION # 76
Which of the following best describes network security?
- A. Protecting data from unauthorized access or modifications
- B. Securing physical access to network devices
- C. Ensuring high availability and performance of the network
- D. Preventing network configuration errors
Answer: A
Explanation:
Network security is the practice of protecting data in a network from unauthorized access, modifications, or attacks. It involves implementing various security measures such as access control, encryption, firewalls, and intrusion prevention systems.
NEW QUESTION # 77
Which technology acts as a barrier between an internal network and external networks, filtering network traffic based on predefined security rules?
- A. IPS
- B. IDS
- C. Server
- D. Firewall
Answer: D
Explanation:
A firewall is a network security technology that acts as a barrier between an internal network and external networks (such as the internet). It filters network traffic based on predefined security rules, allowing or blocking traffic flows accordingly. Firewalls are often used to protect internal networks from unauthorized access and potential threats.
NEW QUESTION # 78
Which of the following scanning techniques is considered non-intrusive?
- A. Network mapping
- B. Penetration testing
- C. Vulnerability scanning
- D. Port scanning
Answer: A
Explanation:
Network mapping is a non-intrusive scanning technique used to discover and gather information about network devices, their IP addresses, and their interconnections. It focuses on identifying the network topology and does not involve actively examining the vulnerabilities or attempting to exploit them. Network mapping is primarily used for network documentation, planning, and troubleshooting purposes.
NEW QUESTION # 79
Which of the following is a characteristic of weak encryption algorithms?
- A. They are resistant to brute force attacks.
- B. They provide encryption keys with longer bit lengths.
- C. They are susceptible to cryptanalysis attacks.
- D. They support secure communication protocols.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Weak encryption algorithms are those that can be easily broken or exploited using various encryption analysis techniques. These algorithms have vulnerabilities that can be used to decrypt the encrypted data without the need for the encryption key.
NEW QUESTION # 80
Which of the following is a security best practice for securing data in the cloud?
- A. Implementing multi-factor authentication
- B. Storing sensitive data in clear text
- C. Using weak passwords
- D. Allowing unrestricted access to data
Answer: A
Explanation:
Option 1: Incorrect. Storing sensitive data in clear text is not a security best practice. It leaves the data vulnerable to unauthorized access and breaches.
Option 2: Correct. Implementing multi-factor authentication is a security best practice for securing data in the cloud. This adds an extra layer of protection by requiring users to provide additional verification beyond just a password.
Option 3: Incorrect. Allowing unrestricted access to data is not a security best practice. Access to data should be properly controlled and limited to authorized individuals or groups.
Option 4: Incorrect. Using weak passwords is not a security best practice. Strong and complex passwords should be used to prevent unauthorized access to data.
NEW QUESTION # 81
What is vishing?
- A. A form of social engineering attack that uses voice or telephone calls to trick victims into revealing sensitive information.
- B. A cyber attack where an attacker manipulates and deceives an individual to reveal sensitive information.
- C. A physical attack where an unauthorized person gains entry to a restricted area by following closely behind an authorized person.
- D. A type of phishing attack that targets specific individuals or organizations.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Vishing, which stands for voice phishing, involves using voice or telephone calls to deceive and manipulate individuals into revealing sensitive information. The attacker may pretend to be a legitimate entity, such as a bank representative, and persuade the victim to provide personal or financial details over the phone. Vishing exploits the trust people often have in phone calls and can be used in combination with other attacks.
NEW QUESTION # 82
Which of the following protocols can be used to securely transfer files over a network?
- A. HTTP
- B. DNS
- C. FTP
- D. SMTP
Answer: C
Explanation:
Option 1: Incorrect. HTTP is a protocol for transferring hypertext documents, not files.
Option 2: Correct.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a protocol used for secure file transfer over a network.
Option 3: Incorrect.
SMTP is a protocol used for sending email, not transferring files.
Option 4: Incorrect. DNS is a protocol used for translating domain names to IP addresses, not transferring files.
NEW QUESTION # 83
Which of the following represents a technique used in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)?
- A. Binary notation for IP addresses
- B. Compressed MAC addresses
- C. Variable-length subnet masks
- D. 32-bit IP addresses
Answer: C
Explanation:
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) is a technique used to allocate and manage IP addresses more efficiently. It involves using variable-length subnet masks (VLSMs), which allow the network to have subnets of different sizes. VLSMs provide flexibility in allocating IP addresses by allowing the network administrator to choose the appropriate number of network and host bits based on the network requirements.
NEW QUESTION # 84
What is the purpose of a VPN?
- A. To authenticate users
- B. To detect network vulnerabilities
- C. To encrypt network traffic
- D. To block unauthorized access
Answer: C
Explanation:
A VPN (Virtual Private Network) is used to create a secure connection between a user's device and a private network, such as a corporate network or the internet. It encrypts the data that is transmitted between the user and the network, ensuring that even if intercepted, the data is unreadable by unauthorized individuals.
NEW QUESTION # 85
What does data encryption in cybersecurity refer to?
- A. Collecting and analyzing data to identify patterns and trends
- B. Backing up data periodically to prevent loss
- C. Protecting data by converting it into an unreadable form
- D. Transforming data into a format that can be easily accessed and read
Answer: C
Explanation:
Data encryption is a fundamental technique in cybersecurity that involves converting data into an unreadable form using an encryption algorithm. This process ensures that even if unauthorized individuals gain access to the encrypted data, they cannot read or understand it without the appropriate decryption key. Data encryption helps protect sensitive and confidential information from unauthorized access or interception.
NEW QUESTION # 86
Which of the following must be documented throughout the chain of custody process?
- A. Encryption protocols applied to protect the evidence.
- B. Timeline of events that led to the acquisition of the evidence.
- C. Analysis methods used on the evidence.
- D. Names of all individuals who handled the evidence.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The chain of custody refers to a documented record of all individuals who have had access to the digital evidence from the time of its discovery until its presentation in court. It is essential to know who has handled the evidence to establish accountability and to ensure that the integrity of the evidence is maintained. The names of all individuals involved in handling the evidence should be recorded, along with their respective roles and timestamps to establish a clear chain of custody.
NEW QUESTION # 87
Your home network seems to have slowed down considerably. You look at the home router GUI and notice that an unknown host is attached to the network.
What should you do to prevent this specific host from attaching to the network again?
- A. Change the network SSID.
- B. Implement MAC address filtering.
- C. Block the host IP address.
- D. Create an IP access control list.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The CCST Cybersecurity course explains that MAC address filtering is a network access control method that allows only approved device hardware addresses to connect. While not foolproof against spoofing, it can block a specific device from reconnecting to a small home network.
"MAC address filtering restricts network access to devices whose unique hardware addresses are explicitly allowed. This can be used to block known unauthorized devices from reconnecting." (CCST Cybersecurity, Basic Network Security Concepts, Wireless Security Controls section, Cisco Networking Academy) A is incorrect: IP ACLs are better for controlling traffic types, not blocking specific devices at the router level.
B is correct: It prevents the device's hardware address from reconnecting.
C is temporary since the host can get a new IP via DHCP.
D may hide the network but will not stop a determined attacker who can still detect it.
NEW QUESTION # 88
Which of the following control types is focused on identifying vulnerabilities and weaknesses in systems and addressing them?
- A. Detective controls
- B. Compensating controls
- C. Preventive controls
- D. Corrective controls
Answer: D
Explanation:
Corrective controls are designed to identify and rectify vulnerabilities and weaknesses in systems. They aim to correct issues identified through assessments, audits, or incident response, and ensure that the necessary steps are taken to minimize the associated risks. Examples of corrective controls include patch management, vulnerability scanning, and system hardening procedures.
NEW QUESTION # 89
What type of security technique involves setting up a decoy system or network to lure and trap potential attackers?
- A. Proxy
- B. Virtualization
- C. Honeypot
- D. DMZ
Answer: C
Explanation:
A honeypot is a security technique that involves setting up a decoy system or network to attract potential attackers. The purpose of a honeypot is to gather information about attackers' tactics, techniques, and intentions, allowing organizations to learn more about the threats they face and improve their defenses.
By monitoring the activities within a honeypot, organizations can gain valuable insights into emerging attack methods and enhance their overall cybersecurity strategy.
NEW QUESTION # 90
Which of the following features help to secure a wireless SoHo network from unauthorized access?
- A. Weak encryption
- B. Default admin credentials
- C. MAC filtering
- D. SSID broadcast
Answer: C
Explanation:
MAC filtering is a feature that allows a network administrator to specify which devices can connect to the wireless network based on their MAC (Media Access Control) addresses. By enabling MAC filtering, only devices with authorized MAC addresses will be allowed to connect, thereby enhancing network security. SSID (Service Set Identifier) broadcast refers to the network name being broadcasted, and hiding it doesn't provide significant security improvement. Default admin credentials should always be changed to prevent unauthorized access, making option C a weak answer choice. Weak encryption, such as WEP or TKIP, provides little security and should be avoided.
NEW QUESTION # 91
How do threat actors launch ransomware attacks on organizations?
- A. They implant malware to collect data from the corporation's financial system.
- B. They secretly spy on employees and collect employees' personal information.
- C. They deface an organization's public-facing website.
- D. They lock data and deny access to the data until they receive money.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The CCST Cybersecurity course describes ransomware as a form of malicious software that encrypts or locks access to an organization's data, demanding payment for its release.
"Ransomware is a type of malware that denies access to data by encrypting it and demands payment from the victim to restore access. Threat actors may deliver ransomware through phishing emails, malicious downloads, or exploiting vulnerabilities in exposed systems." (CCST Cybersecurity, Essential Security Principles, Malware Types and Threats section, Cisco Networking Academy) A describes spyware or information-stealing malware.
B is website defacement, which is vandalism, not ransomware.
C is correct: locking/encrypting data and demanding payment is the defining behavior of ransomware.
D is more aligned with insider threat or espionage activities.
NEW QUESTION # 92
Which of the following logging mechanisms is commonly used in Windows environments to monitor system and application events?
- A. System and application logs
- B. Audit logs
- C. Syslog
- D. Event Viewer
Answer: D
Explanation:
The Event Viewer is a built-in tool in Windows operating systems that allows administrators to view and analyze logs of system and application events. It provides a central location for managing and reviewing various types of logs, including security, application, and system logs.
NEW QUESTION # 93
Which of the following is an example of a strong password?
- A. "abcdabcd"
- B. "123456"
- C. "StR0ngP@$$w0rd!"
- D. "Password123"
Answer: C
Explanation:
A strong password is one that is complex, long, and difficult to guess. It should contain a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters. In this case, "StR0ngP@$$w0rd!" meets these criteria, making it a strong password. The other options are weak passwords as they are easily guessable, commonly used, or lack complexity.
NEW QUESTION # 94
How does sandboxing help with the analysis of malware?
- A. It restricts traffic from passing from one network to another.
- B. It specifies the applications that are authorized for use on the network.
- C. It allows suspicious applications to run in a safe and isolated testing environment.
- D. It defines the suspicious or malicious applications that should be blocked.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The CCST Cybersecurity Study Guide explains that sandboxing is a security technique that executes suspicious programs in a controlled and isolated environment, preventing them from affecting production systems while enabling behavior analysis.
"Sandboxing isolates a suspected application in a secure, controlled environment where it can be executed and analyzed without risking damage to the host system or network." (CCST Cybersecurity, Endpoint Security Concepts, Malware Analysis Techniques section, Cisco Networking Academy)
NEW QUESTION # 95
You need to design your company's password policy to adhere to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) guidelines for user password security.
What is the minimum password length that you should require to be consistent with the NIST guidelines?
- A. No minimum length
- B. 16 characters
- C. 4 characters
- D. 8 characters
Answer: D
Explanation:
According to the CCST Cybersecurity course, NIST guidelines (SP 800-63B) recommend a minimum password length of 8 characters for user-generated passwords, without requiring overly complex composition rules, but encouraging longer passphrases for increased security.
"NIST guidelines specify that user-generated passwords must be at least 8 characters in length, and systems should allow passwords up to at least 64 characters." (CCST Cybersecurity, Essential Security Principles, Authentication Best Practices section, Cisco Networking Academy)
NEW QUESTION # 96
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